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CMA Foundation · Fundamentals of Business Economics and Management · Stewardship Theory and Agency Theory of Management

Shareholders of a firm cannot fully observe the day-to-day effort and decisions of the CEO, who knows much more about the business than they do. This feature, central to agency theory, is known as:

This feature is information asymmetry. The CEO, as agent, knows more about the business and his own actions than shareholders do, so the principals cannot easily verify effort or decisions. This gap makes monitoring costly and gives room for the agent to act in self-interest.

  1. AInformation asymmetryCorrect
  2. BEconomies of scale
  3. CSpan of control
  4. DUnity of command

Explanation

When the agent has more or better information than the principal, the principal cannot easily verify the agent's actions. This is information asymmetry and it makes monitoring difficult and costly. Span of control and unity of command are organisation principles, not agency concepts.

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