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CFA Level I · CFA Level I Exam · Investors and Other Stakeholders

Which stakeholder group is most likely to have a claim on a corporate issuer that ranks ahead of shareholders but is fixed in amount, so that it gains little from the firm's upside?

Creditors are the group with a fixed claim that ranks ahead of shareholders. They are entitled to interest and principal regardless of how profitable the firm becomes, so they gain little from upside, while shareholders hold the residual claim and benefit from higher profits.

  1. ACreditorsCorrect
  2. BEmployees paid with stock options
  3. CCommon shareholders

Explanation

Creditors hold fixed claims (interest and principal) that rank ahead of equity in liquidation. They do not share in the upside, so they focus on the firm's ability to pay. Common shareholders hold the residual claim and gain from upside, and option-paid employees also benefit from equity gains.

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