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FRM Part II · FRM Exam Part II · Regulating the Crypto Ecosystem: The Case of Unbacked Crypto Assets

Which statement best describes a challenge for coordinated regulation of unbacked crypto assets highlighted by the lack of an issuer or underlying claim?

Because unbacked crypto assets have no issuer or underlying claim, there is no one to hold accountable for redemption or reserves. Oversight therefore has to target intermediaries, service providers and the on-off ramps linking crypto to the traditional financial system, and coordination is needed to cover them across borders.

  1. ANo central issuer exists to hold accountable, so oversight must focus on intermediaries, service providers and on-off rampsCorrect
  2. BRegulators can require the issuer to guarantee redemption at par
  3. CReserve requirements can be imposed on the issuer to back the asset
  4. DStandard issuer disclosure rules apply directly to the asset

Explanation

Unbacked crypto assets have no identifiable issuer or reserve, so issuer-based tools do not work. Regulators therefore target intermediaries, platforms, and the points where crypto connects to the traditional financial system.

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