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FRM Part II · FRM Exam Part II · The Financial Stability Implications of Artificial Intelligence

Many banks and asset managers adopt AI models built on the same few foundation models, trained on overlapping datasets. A supervisor is assessing the financial stability implications. Which conclusion is best supported?

Shared foundation models and overlapping data can cause herding and correlated errors, so one flaw or outage may spread across many firms at once. This concentration amplifies shocks and raises systemic risk rather than diversifying it.

  1. ACommon models and data can create herding and correlated errors, so a single data or model flaw may propagate across many firms at onceCorrect
  2. BConcentration in a few providers reduces systemic risk because the models are better tested
  3. CBecause each firm validates independently, errors are uncorrelated and diversify away
  4. DData quality issues affect only the firm that owns the data, never the wider system

Explanation

Reliance on a few models and shared data creates common exposures: a flaw, bias or outage can hit many firms simultaneously and encourage similar trading or lending behaviour, amplifying shocks. Independent validation does not remove a shared underlying flaw. Concentration raises, not lowers, systemic risk.

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