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Meera Textiles Ltd., a profitable Indian company, built a school for children of its mill workers in 1950 because its founder believed wealth should serve society. Which stage of CSR evolution does this practice best represent?

It represents the philanthropic stage. A founder voluntarily funding a school out of moral conviction, long before any legal requirement existed, reflects early Indian charity and trusteeship-based CSR rather than statutory, strategic or disclosure-driven CSR.

  1. APhilanthropic stage, driven by the founder's charitable and moral beliefsCorrect
  2. BStatutory stage, driven by a legal spending mandate
  3. CStrategic stage, driven by competitive advantage and branding
  4. DStakeholder stage, driven by ESG disclosure norms

Explanation

Early Indian CSR, especially by family-run business houses, was rooted in charity, trusteeship and the founder's moral values. There was no legal mandate in 1950, so the statutory option is wrong. Strategic and ESG-driven approaches emerged much later.

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