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NISM Certifications · NISM-Series-X-A: Investment Adviser (Level 1) · Portfolio Performance Measurement and Evaluation

Tracking error of a portfolio is best described as the:

Tracking error is the standard deviation of the differences between portfolio returns and benchmark returns. It shows how closely a portfolio follows its benchmark; a lower value means closer tracking.

  1. AAverage excess return over the risk-free rate
  2. BStandard deviation of the difference between portfolio returns and benchmark returnsCorrect
  3. CBeta of the portfolio relative to the benchmark
  4. DDifference between the highest and lowest annual returns

Explanation

Tracking error measures how consistently a portfolio follows its benchmark, computed as the standard deviation of active returns. It is not an average return measure or beta.

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