FRM Part II · FRM Exam Part II · Alpha (and the Low-Risk Anomaly)
Which statement best describes why limits to arbitrage help the low-risk anomaly persist?
Exploiting the anomaly means levering up low-beta stocks and shorting high-beta ones, which faces funding costs, margin requirements and benchmark or career risk. These limits to arbitrage prevent capital from fully eliminating the mispricing.
- AArbitrageurs can easily short high-beta stocks without cost
- BExploiting the anomaly requires leverage on low-beta stocks and shorting high-beta stocks, which is constrained by funding costs, margin requirements and benchmark riskCorrect
- CThe anomaly is fully eliminated after transaction costs for all investors
- DLow-beta stocks cannot be purchased by institutions
Explanation
A betting-against-beta strategy needs leverage and shorting, which carry funding, margin and career risks. These frictions prevent arbitrage from closing the mispricing. The other options misstate market conditions.
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