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CMA Foundation · Fundamentals of Business Economics and Management · Leadership and Motivation - Concepts and Theories

Which of the following is a recognised criticism of Maslow's need hierarchy theory?

A key criticism is that the fixed, strictly ordered hierarchy does not apply to everyone. Individuals and cultures differ in how they rank needs, and some people seek higher-level goals even when lower needs are unmet. The theory also lacks strong empirical support for its rigid sequence.

  1. AIt ignores human needs other than money
  2. BThe strict, fixed order of needs does not hold for every person and cultureCorrect
  3. CIt states that only self-actualisation needs motivate employees
  4. DIt is limited to physiological needs of workers

Explanation

Critics point out that the rigid five-step order is not universal; some people pursue esteem or growth even when lower needs are unmet, and the order varies across cultures. The theory does not focus only on money or only on self-actualisation; it covers five levels of needs.

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