CS Executive · December 2025 · Paper 1
CS Executive Jurisprudence, Interpretation and General Laws December 2025: paper analysis
Our own analysis of the official paper, as of 12 October 2026. The questions and answers belong to ICSI; read them on ICSI's website.
Chapter-wise marks
Where the marks were in this paper (out of 100; internal-choice alternatives not double counted).
What each question tested
In our words, by question number. Open the official paper for the full question.
| Q | Marks | Tests | Chapter |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1(a)(i) | 2 | Protection against ex post facto penal law: reopening a closed offence under a later, harsher amendment | Constitution of India |
| 1(a)(ii) | 2 | Self-incrimination under Article 20(3): whether compelled fingerprints and voice samples amount to testimonial compulsion | Constitution of India |
| 1(a)(iii) | 2 | Article 22 safeguards: detention beyond permitted period without production before a magistrate | Constitution of India |
| 1(a)(iv) | 2 | Right to life under Article 21 extending to medical care for persons in custody | Constitution of India |
| 1(a)(v) | 2 | Writ remedy before High Court against illegal detention, habeas corpus under Article 226 | Constitution of India |
| 1(b)(i) | 2 | Counter-offer operating as rejection of original offer and its effect on a damages claim | Contract Law |
| 1(b)(ii) | 3 | Rules governing a valid acceptance of a proposal | Contract Law |
| 1(b)(iii) | 2 | Modes of revocation of a proposal | Contract Law |
| 1(b)(iv) | 3 | General offer of reward: knowledge of offer and entitlement, with leading case law | Contract Law |
| 2(a) | 5 | Conflict between general and special statute: specific provision prevails over general rule | Interpretation of Statutes |
| 2(b) | 5 | Natural justice and academic removal decisions: whether hearing is required | Administrative Laws |
| 2(c) | 5 | Strict liability for escape of hazardous substance despite due care, Rylands v Fletcher rule | Law of Torts |
| 3(a) | 5 | Interim relief to preserve disputed movable property: temporary injunction or attachment under CPC | Law relating to Civil Procedure |
| 3(b) | 5 | Dacoity with murder under BNS and joint liability of each gang member | Laws relating to Crime and its Procedure |
| 3(c) | 5 | Doctrine of severability under Article 13 for a statute partly violating fundamental rights | Constitution of India |
| 4(a) | 5 | Relevancy of motive, preparation and subsequent conduct as connected facts under BSA | Law relating to Evidence |
| 4(b) | 5 | Reference to arbitration under Section 8 when only a copy of the agreement is available | Law relating to Arbitration, Mediation and Conciliation |
| 4(c) | 5 | Extortion through threat of reputational harm and its distinction from theft | Laws relating to Crime and its Procedure |
| 4A(i) | 5 | Essentials of a promissory note; whether an acknowledgement of debt qualifies | Law relating to Negotiable Instruments |
| 4A(ii) | 5 | Sources of English law adopted in Indian legal system | Sources of Law |
| 4A(iii) | 5 | Categories of information exempt from disclosure under Section 8 of RTI Act | Right to Information Law |
| 5(a) | 5 | Procedure for issue of electronic signature certificate and right of hearing before rejection | Law relating to Information Technology |
| 5(b) | 5 | Criminal breach of trust by an executor and its punishments under BNS | Laws relating to Crime and its Procedure |
| 5(c) | 5 | Limitation periods and starting points for specified tort and possession suits, and residuary article | Law relating to Limitation |
| 6(a) | 5 | Bailee lien for labour on goods; general versus particular lien | Contract Law |
| 6(b) | 5 | Truncated cheque and electronic image presentment under NI Act amendments | Law relating to Negotiable Instruments |
| 6(c) | 5 | Ordinance-making power of the President under Article 123 | Constitution of India |
| 6(d) | 5 | Injuria sine damno: violation of legal right without actual loss | Law of Torts |
| 6A(i) | 5 | Section 43A definitions and liability of body corporate for failure to protect sensitive data | Law relating to Information Technology |
| 6A(ii) | 5 | Determination of specified value of a commercial dispute under Commercial Courts Act | Law relating to Civil Procedure |
| 6A(iii) | 5 | Continuous running of time once started despite subsequent disability | Law relating to Limitation |
| 6A(iv) | 5 | Grounds and process for removing a member of the Arbitration Council of India | Law relating to Arbitration, Mediation and Conciliation |
What stood out
- Constitution of India was the heaviest chapter at 20 marks across 7 entries, led by a 10-mark custody scenario on Articles 20, 21, 22 and 226.
- Criminal law was tested entirely under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and evidence under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, confirming the new criminal codes are now mainstream.
- Application-based problems dominate: most sub-questions place a fact situation and ask for a reasoned decision, with pure theory concentrated in the optional 4A and 6A alternatives.
- Two OR choices (Q4/4A and Q6/6A) let candidates trade fact problems for direct theory on RTI, sources of law, IT Act, limitation and arbitration.
- Contract Law carried 15 marks through offer, acceptance, revocation, general offers and lien, making it the second most tested chapter.
Practise the chapters that carried the marks
Constitution of India, Contract Law, Laws relating to Crime and its Procedure: study guides and practice questions in the CS Executive format.