CS Professional · June 2025 · Paper 4.4
CS Professional Artificial Intelligence, Data Analytics and Cyber Security - Laws and Practice June 2025: paper analysis
Our own analysis of the official paper, as of 12 October 2026. The questions and answers belong to ICSI; read them on ICSI's website.
Chapter-wise marks
Where the marks were in this paper (out of 100; internal-choice alternatives not double counted).
What each question tested
In our words, by question number. Open the official paper for the full question.
| Q | Marks | Tests | Chapter |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1(a) | 5 | Whether law should recognise AI-generated works and who should hold copyright, with case law | Regulatory Framework on AI, Cyber Security and Cyberspace |
| 1(b) | 5 | Copyrightability of AI-generated work in India and innovation versus monopoly concerns | Regulatory Framework on AI, Cyber Security and Cyberspace |
| 1(c) | 5 | Balancing business interests, privacy and national security under proposed digital regulation, including data localisation | Regulatory Framework on AI, Cyber Security and Cyberspace |
| 1(d) | 5 | Distinguishing inadvertent errors from deliberate fabrication of electronic evidence in judicial proceedings | Cyber Crimes and Investigation Procedures |
| 1(e) | 5 | Data privacy as a fundamental right and challenges in protecting personal data online | Data Analytics and Law |
| 2(a) | 5 | Hardware and software network security controls against denial of service and unauthorised access | Network Basics and Security |
| 2(b) | 5 | Components and significance of a cyber crisis management plan for financial institutions | Cyber Security |
| 2(c) | 5 | Breach response, regulatory reporting and role of the national cyber incident response agency | Cyber Crimes and Investigation Procedures |
| 2(d) | 5 | Cyber resilience and critical infrastructure protection across operations and supply chain | Cyber Security |
| 2(e) | 5 | Intermediary due diligence for e-commerce platforms facing counterfeit product claims | Cyber Threats and Cyber Laws |
| 3(a) | 5 | Significance of the first Indian cybercrime conviction and application of penal law to online fraud | Cyber Crimes and Investigation Procedures |
| 3(b) | 5 | Structured evaluation process for selecting an ERP system | Enterprise Resource Management |
| 3(c) | 5 | Business benefits of AI-enabled ERP for decision-making and operations | Artificial Intelligence - Introduction and Basics |
| 3(d) | 5 | Information systems within MIS that support managerial decisions, including expert systems | Management Information Systems - An Overview |
| 3(e) | 5 | Strategic SaaS adoption while mitigating internet dependency and data security concerns | Internet and Other Technologies |
| 4(a) | 5 | Using data mining to build a predictive model for repeat customers | Data Analytics |
| 4(b) | 5 | Data preparation steps in the analytics process | Data Analytics |
| 4(c) | 5 | Advantages and challenges of on-premises software when moving to a hybrid IT model | Computer Hardware and Software |
| 4(d) | 5 | Data recovery protocols for hardware failure or data corruption | Information Systems |
| 4(e) | 5 | Network analysis in legal history research and analysis of court proceedings | Data Analytics and Law |
What stood out
- Fully case based: four long scenarios of 25 marks each, five 5-mark parts per case, all compulsory with no choice.
- Law-oriented chapters (regulatory framework, cyber crimes and investigation, data analytics and law, cyber security, cyber threats) carry 55 marks; technology chapters (ERP, MIS, SaaS, data analytics, data recovery, hybrid IT) carry 45.
- Copyrightability and ownership of AI-generated works is tested twice in Q1, alongside proposed digital regulation, data localisation and electronic evidence integrity.
- Cyber incident handling is examined from several angles: crisis management plans, breach reporting to the national response agency, resilience and intermediary due diligence for e-commerce platforms.
- Answers demand judgement and recommendations framed around the scenario rather than definitions, consistent with the open book format.
Practise the chapters that carried the marks
Regulatory Framework on AI, Cyber Security and Cyberspace, Cyber Crimes and Investigation Procedures, Data Analytics and Law: study guides and practice questions in the CS Professional format.