CS Professional · June 2025 · Paper 2
CS Professional Drafting, Pleadings and Appearances June 2025: paper analysis
Our own analysis of the official paper, as of 12 October 2026. The questions and answers belong to ICSI; read them on ICSI's website.
Chapter-wise marks
Where the marks were in this paper (out of 100; internal-choice alternatives not double counted).
What each question tested
In our words, by question number. Open the official paper for the full question.
| Q | Marks | Tests | Chapter |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1(a) | 5 | Identifying the type of letter of credit from its features and justifying the classification | Drafting of Commercial Contracts |
| 1(b) | 5 | Curing documentary discrepancies under a letter of credit and role of the confirming bank | Drafting of Commercial Contracts |
| 1(c) | 5 | Whether the issuing bank must pay when the confirming bank rejects discrepant documents | Drafting of Commercial Contracts |
| 1(d) | 5 | Advantages of letters of credit in international trade for importer and exporter | Drafting of Commercial Contracts |
| 1(e) | 5 | Drafting a letter of credit for an import transaction | Drafting of Commercial Contracts |
| 2(a) | 5 | Legal significance of a sale deed in a real estate transfer and its essential clauses | Laws relating to Drafting and Conveyancing |
| 2(b) | 5 | Conveyancing of property: meaning and steps involved | Laws relating to Drafting and Conveyancing |
| 2(c) | 5 | Stamp duty and registration on property transfer and their effect on validity of a sale deed | Laws relating to Drafting and Conveyancing |
| 3(a)(i) | 2 | Drafting a specimen bail bond with surety for an accused granted bail | Pleadings |
| 3(a)(ii) | 3 | Key points to observe when drafting an affidavit in evidence | Pleadings |
| 3(b) | 5 | Drafting an irrevocable, unconditional on-demand performance bank guarantee for a public works contract | Drafting of Agreements, Deeds and Documents |
| 3(c) | 5 | Meaning of general power of attorney and drafting one for a company | Drafting of Agreements, Deeds and Documents |
| 4(a) | 5 | Types of endorsement under the Negotiable Instruments Act and their effect on transferability | Types of Documents |
| 4(b) | 5 | Distinguishing distribution, franchise and dealer agreements: features, legal implications and commercial significance | Drafting of Commercial Contracts |
| 4(c) | 5 | Declaratory decrees under the Specific Relief Act: role in preventive justice and limitations | Judicial and Administrative Framework |
| 4A(a) | 5 | Competency to contract and validity of agreements with minors under the Contract Act | Drafting of Agreements, Deeds and Documents |
| 4A(b) | 5 | Legal and equitable limits on enforcing a minor's agreement and availability of specific performance | Drafting of Agreements, Deeds and Documents |
| 4A(c) | 5 | Effect of the other party's knowledge of minority, applicable doctrines and the position where age is unknown | Drafting of Agreements, Deeds and Documents |
| 5(a) | 5 | Whether an NCLT interim restraint order is interlocutory and appealable to NCLAT | Applications, Petitions and Appeals under Companies Act, 2013 |
| 5(b) | 5 | Scope of High Court revisional and supervisory jurisdiction where an alternative remedy exists | Judicial and Administrative Framework |
| 5(c) | 5 | Procedure and stages for filing an appeal before NCLAT against NCLT orders | Applications, Petitions and Appeals under Companies Act, 2013 |
| 6(a) | 5 | Scope of SEBI settlement regulations and their application to an insider trading proceeding | Adjudications and Appeals under SEBI Laws |
| 6(b) | 5 | Process for initiating settlement proceedings with SEBI | Adjudications and Appeals under SEBI Laws |
| 6(c) | 5 | Factors SEBI considers in arriving at settlement terms | Adjudications and Appeals under SEBI Laws |
| 6A(a) | 5 | Writ jurisdiction compared: Supreme Court under Article 32 versus High Courts under Article 226 | Judicial and Administrative Framework |
| 6A(b) | 5 | Endorsement and scrutiny of petitions, appeals and documents under NCLT Rules | Applications, Petitions and Appeals under Companies Act, 2013 |
| 6A(c) | 5 | Additional functions and duties of the Registrar under the appellate tribunal rules | Applications, Petitions and Appeals under Companies Act, 2013 |
What stood out
- Q1 is a 25-mark case with five parts on letters of credit, including drafting one, making Drafting of Commercial Contracts the heaviest chapter at 30 marks across listed parts.
- Hands-on drafting is directly examined in 20 marks: a letter of credit, a bail bond, a performance bank guarantee and a general power of attorney.
- Part II (Q5 and Q6/6A, 30 marks) is about appearances and appeals: NCLT interlocutory orders and NCLAT appeals, High Court revision, SEBI settlement proceedings, writ jurisdiction and NCLT/NCLAT procedural rules.
- On the main route 70 marks are case based (Q1, Q2, Q5 and Q6); Q3 is drafting problems and Q4 is theory on endorsements, commercial agreements and declaratory decrees.
- The Q4A alternative is a three-part case on contracts with minors, rewarding candidates strong in core Contract Act principles.
Practise the chapters that carried the marks
Drafting of Commercial Contracts, Drafting of Agreements, Deeds and Documents, Applications, Petitions and Appeals under Companies Act, 2013: study guides and practice questions in the CS Professional format.